Batucada instruments from Brazil

Repiniquee a high-pitched tom-tom like drum played with a single stick (or two long sticks) and the hand. Traditionally the leader of the ensemble uses it (also referred to as 'repique') to direct and solo.

Timbau a long cone-like drum used to produce high & low tones. Played with hands and creates a similar timbre as the West African Djembe

Ciesha a snare drum w/ wires sometimes on the batter head.

Surdoo a large bass drum. It provides the bass downbeat of the rhythm. One surdo accentuates the 2nd beat of every measure. A second higher surdo is played on the first beat of the measure. A third surdo can syncopate in between the pulse.

Apito a small plastic, metal or wooden whistle.

Tamborim a small drum usually played with a multi-pronged plastic beater

Agogo / Bells

Chocalho / Ganza Shakers of various types and materials

Guiro a hollow wooden instrument with a ridged exterior surface that is scraped with a stick.

Cuica a single headed drum with a stick mounted inside the drum body, creates a unique sound, which can sometimes sound like a human voice.

Pandeiro played elaborately with different parts of the hand. Unlike the tambourine, it can be tuned.